Iris Berent author of "The Blind Storyteller" (BS 182)
This month's episode of Brain Science features Iris Berent, PhD, author of "The Blind Storyteller: How We Reason About Human Nature." We explore how our deeply entrenched biases toward dualism and essentialism impact our attitudes toward neuroscience and toward problems like mental illness.
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Dualism reflects our intuition that Mind is something non-physical and gives us a bias against the possibility of innate ideas, while Essentialism reflects the opposite intuition that living things possess a special innate physical essence.
One consequence of these opposing intuitions is that we see innate qualities as being physical or part of the body, while mental qualities are seen as ethereal and non-physical, and therefore NOT innate. Thus we can easily accept the possibility of innate emotions (physical) but not innate ideas.
This makes it difficult for people to accept the evidence from neuroscience, such as the evidence that babies may be born with an innate sense of numbers and basic physics. More importantly, it affects peoples attitudes toward mental illness and problems like dyslexia.
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Links and References:
The Blind Storyteller: How We Reason About Human Nature by Iris Berent
A Skeptic's Guide to the Mind: What Neuroscience Can and Cannot Tell Us About Ourselves by Robert Burton
Scienceblind: Why Our Intuitive Theories About the World Are So Often Wrong by Andrew Shtulman
In BS 96 Dr. Burton raised similar issues to those mentioned in this episode
Iris Berent at Northeastern University: publications
Hood B, et al. Do children think that duplicating the body also duplicates the mind. Cognition. 2012; 125(3):466-474. DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.005
Spelke ES, et al. Origins of knowledge. Psychological Review. 1992; 99(4): 605-632. DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.99.4.605
Hamlin, JK, et. al. Young infants prefer prosocial to antisocial others. Cognitive development. 2011;26(1), 30–39. (free download)
Weisberg DS, et al. The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2008; 20(3):470-477. (Free access: PMID: 18004955)
Shtulman A, Schulz L. The relation between essentialist beliefs and evolutionary reasoning. Cognitive Science. 2008Sep;32(6):1049-62. (free article)
See the episode transcript for additional links and reference
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